Pipe-joint.



J. C. MITCHELL. G. C. BAHTRAM A. M. HIRSH.

PIPE JOINT.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 7. 19m. 393,615. Patented Feb. 4, 1919.

I 2SHEETS-SHEET I. 1 0 1 719] 1 6 j] INVENTOR ATTORNEYS J. C. MITCHELL, G. C. BARTRAM & A. M. HIRSH.

PIPE JOINT.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 7, I918. 1 293 15 Patented Feb. 4, 1919.

' 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2. 2%?- INVENTOR k-c,

ATTORNEYS teasers.

JOHN C. MITCHELL AND GEORGE C. BARTRAM, OF EAST 1' an, arm at at. HI,

0F MONTCL, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNORS '10 LOGK .rorn'r FEE CQEEEPANE, or PERI NEW JERSEY, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

PIPE-JOINT.

To all whom it may concern:

. and GEORGE C. BAR'rnAM, residing at East Orange, county of Essex, and Stateof New Jersey, and ALLAN M. l-lmsrr, residing at Montclair, county of Essex, and State of New Jersey, being citizens of the United States, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Pipe-Joints, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

In many forms of pipe, including not only those of metal but also those of concrete, it is very desirable to have a perfectly watertight 10int. lhleretoiore it has been common practice to make the joints water-tight by the use of lead or other material poured into the joint and subsequently calked, camped,

' compressed or otherwise worked to force the till packing material into sealing contact with the surfaces of the pipe sections. This method is eflective within certain limits, but suitors from disadvantages which are in general well understood, among which may be mentioned the comparatively large quantity of packing material sometimes required (as much as twenty or more pounds of lead in a twelve-inch cast iron pipe), the dithculty and labor of tampin or calking the packing material especial y in a trench containing water, as is often the case, andthe extreme liability of the joint being materially impaired, and even ruined, by the contraction and expansion of the pipe occasioned by temperature changes or other influences.

Conirontedwith these diificulties in laying pipe for a variety of purposes which re uire them to have water-tight joints, we ave devised a form of joint which meets fully all practical requirements and'which is far less costly 1n time, labor and material than any other joint of which we have knowledge. The gist of our invention resides in the use oi a resilient deformable asket of annula'r form which may be ma e of various materials, as for example fibrous 'rnaterial, rubber, copper or lead. In the case of co per or lead the gasket is preferably in t e shape'of an annulus of copper or lead pipe filled with material of a resilient nature, such as oakum, hemp, or jute. The gasket is placed inside the bell end of one of the pipe sections in an annular recess therein Specification of Letters Patent.

, Application flied January 7 1918. Serial No. 2103M.

the gasket radially, pressin a rare v Patented Feb, d, rare,

provided for that purpose, terminating in a circumferential abutment at the junction of which with said recess a circumferential groove is formed in the wall of the recess. The tapered front portion-0f the spigot end of the other pipe section is then inserted into the bell end or the bell pipe section, enten ing the annular gasket contained therein, and the two pipe sections are then forced together thereby compressing and flattening it tightly against the cylindrical wall of t e recess and also against the abutment and at the same time causing it by the flow of the material of which the gasket is composed, under the pressure exerted,toenter and tightly fill the circumferential groove in the wall of the recess at the junction of the latter with the abutment, thus anchoring the gasket in place begnd possibility of after-disturbance,

' he preferred method of practising the invention is illustrated in the accompanyin drawing, in which- %igure'lis a sectional view showing the invention applied to metal pipe, say cast mm.

Fig. 2 is a perspective view, partly in section, illustrating the preferred form of gas ket or packing,

Fig. 3 is a sectional view showing the forrnable gasket in place in the bell end, with the spigot end ready to be inserted and forced home. a Fig. 4 is a sectional view showing the rnrention applied to concrete pipe sections with end rings; n

higgii is a like view whereinthe sections are without end rings.

Like reference characters indicatecorre spending parts in all the figures. In the form of pipe shown in Figs. 1 and 3, the bell end is formed with an annular re cess 10, cylindrical in contour and coaxialwith the ip-e, terminating at its inner end in tion of which with the cylindrical wall of the recess 10 is a circumferential groove 14; formed in the wall of the recess, and oil suitable contour. In this instance, the two walls of the groove meet at an angle to one another, the one wall being on the prolongation of the face of the abutment against which the inner end of the gashet will rest erential abutment 15 at the junctoo ice

-' and the other wall extending lindrical wall of the recess 10. The spigot of a length of le space, and the fibrous or other resilient packend 11 has a tapered front section 13, back.

of which is a cylindrical portion 12.

The gasket or acking 16,Fig. 2, consists or copper pipe filled with compressible resilient material 17 (preferably jute, hemp or oakum) and then flattened to oblong shape in cross-section as shown in Fig. 2, after which it is bent to .the form of an annulus and its ends are soldered together;

The fiattening of the gasket greatly diminishes the cross sectional area of its interior mg or filling therein is therefore compressed.

If there is sufficient of the resilient material in the ring to-start with, the compression de-' scribed gives thelead walls a certain resiliency, so that when the latter are pressed further together and thepressure relieved they will sprin out again. In other.words the gasket wa s have more or less spring. This is a highly advantageous feature. In makin the joint the gasket is placed in the annu ar cylindrical recess 10 the bell with its inner end resting against the abutment. The thickness'of t e gasket is greater than the depth of the recess so that 1t trudes inwardly beyond the abutment mto the bore of the bell end as seen in Fig. 3. The spigot end of the other section 11 is then inserted, the ta ered front section 13 of the spigot end (w en the parts are proportioned as indicated in the drawing) meeting the gasket at about where the lead line from the reference character 13 meets the tapered section in Fig. 3. The two pipe sections are now forced together. This flattens the gasket still further upon the resili ent compressible filling 17 which it contains. The compression of the gasket between the wall of the cylindrical .recess 10 and spigot end of the pipe increases with the advance of the tapered front section 13, through the gasket, reaching its maximum at the point where the tapered section 13 merges into the cylindrical section 12 of the spigot end, the movement ofthe advancing tapered sectlon acting to crowd the mate-' rial of whichthe gasket is composed before it, or m other words to cause the flow of that material in a direction to crowd it 'a ainst the abutment, and to flow. later-.

a y and outwardly at this point to ti htly fill the circumferential groovel i-at the une- 'tion of the wall of the recess 10 with the abutment, any surplus of the thus-flowed material beyond what is needed for this purpose passing overthe inner edge of the abutment 15,and inwardly between the adjoining wall of the pi e and the ta ered front spigot section as mdicated in F lg. 1.

All this is effected by the action of the taper front section of the spigot end, the followingcylindrical section 12 thereof acting to consolidate and finish the joint and in efl'ect to machine the internal face of the gasket by which it is encircled and-with which it is in intimate contact.

In order to minimize or eliminate tearing or cutting of the lead as one or the other or both of the spaced cylindrical or parallel surfaces of the pipe ends slide thereon,

such surfaces are made as smooth as conveniently may be, machining being resorted to if necessary or desirable.

The .joint described has been found capable of withstanding very hi h internal pressures. In fact the interna ressure tends to crowd the gasket more firm ly and tightly into the groove 14 and against the faces thereof, as well as against the surface of the male or spigot end, so that the net re-' sult is not to loosen the joint but rather the contrary. At the same time the parallel surfaces of the coeperating ends of the pipe can have relative slidin motion axiall to a considerable extent ithout the slig test impairment of the joint -in fact, the joint can sustain a fargreater movement of this sort than would be occasioned by the normal expansion and contraction of the pipe in actual use, the resiliency of the gasket compensating for anj irregularities and takin up all lost motion between the parts.

11 the'case of c crete pipe the adjoin ing ends may be pr vided with iron or steel be 1 spigot rlngs, as 18, 19, in Fig. 4, around which the pipe sections are molded. These may, however, be omitted, as in Fig. 5. In the latter figure a solid gasket 16, is shown, which may be of vulcanized soft rubber, or other equivalent deformable resilient material.

In all cases however it will be noted that the annular groove 14 is formed in the wall of the recess in the bell end of the p pe. at the junction of the cylindrical wall of the recess 10 ,and the circumferential abutment 15, and is localized and substantiall eonfined to that point; and this we believe to be new with us.

The size, weight and cost of'the packing material used In our improved joint may be jud ed from the fact that we use only- 10% 0 lead as compared with the'present accepted and. standard method of making joints in cast iron pipes.

Weclaim: 1. In a pipe jointthe combination of a bell ipe endhaving a c lindrical recess coaxial wit'h the bore of t e pi e terminating at its inner e nd in a circum erential; abutment, an'd' a circumferential-gloom 1n the wall of said recess at the junct 1on of the same with said abutment; a splgot p pe end having atapered front-sectlon and a cylindrical portion back of said front section; and a deformable resilient, compressible, annular gasket seated in said cylindrical recess in said bell end and adapted to be held flattened and compressed between the said cylindrical surfaces, and to be crowded forward against the said abutment and out wardly into said groove at the junction of bell pipe end having a cylindrical recess coaxial With the bore of the pipe, terminating at its inner end in a circumferential abutment, and a circumferential groove formed in the wall of said. recess at the junction of said wall with the abutment; a spigot pipe end having a tapered front section and a cylindrical portion back of said front section; and an annular, tubular, malleablelead gasket containing a resilient compressible filler, seated in said cylindrical recess in the bell end and adapted to be held flattened and compressed between the said cylindrical surfaces,'and to be crowded forward against the abutment, and outwardly into the said groove at the junction of the abutment with the cylindrical wall of said recess, by the forcible insertionof the s i ot end into the bell end.

In testimony whereof we hereunto 2153:; our signatures.

JUHN hllTCHELL.

GEORGE Q. BARTRAM, ALLAN M. HIE-SH. 

